Dark circles under eyes? These vitamin deficiencies could be the cause

Dark circles under the eyes are a widespread cosmetic and health concern, often dismissed as signs of tiredness, stress, or ageing. However, science suggests there may be more beneath the surface. A Clinico Epidemiological Study of Periocular Hyperpigmentation on periocular hyperpigmentation revealed that nutritional imbalances, including iron, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin K deficiencies, can significantly contribute to the development and deepening of under-eye circles. These deficiencies affect blood circulation, collagen production, and skin integrity, ultimately making the thin skin beneath the eyes more vulnerable to darkening.



Nutrient deficiencies behind dark circles: Vitamins and minerals you might be missing

1. Iron and Vitamin B12 deficiency

Iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies are strongly associated with anaemia, which reduces oxygen supply to body tissues. When haemoglobin levels are low, the skin often becomes pale, making the bluish-purple blood vessels under the eyes more visible.

Iron deficiency: Leads to anaemia, paleness, and exaggerated visibility of veins.
Vitamin B12 deficiency: Disrupts red blood cell formation, resulting in dull skin tone and worsening shadows beneath the eyes.

Correcting these deficiencies has been shown in case reports to reduce the intensity of dark circles significantly.



2. Vitamin C deficiency

Vitamin C plays a central role in collagen synthesis. Without enough vitamin C, the skin becomes thinner and less elastic, which increases the visibility of the blood vessels beneath the eyes.
Deficiency may cause fragile skin and poor wound healing.
A 2017 review emphasised the role of vitamin C in maintaining skin firmness and elasticity, reinforcing its importance for preventing under-eye shadows.



3. Vitamin K deficiency

Vitamin K is vital for blood clotting and maintaining strong capillaries. A deficiency may cause:
Weakened capillaries under the eyes.
Small blood leaks or pooling of blood, contributing to a bruised appearance.

Skincare with vitamin K has also been studied in dermatology, showing potential benefits in reducing under-eye darkness linked to poor circulation.



4. Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D is involved in cell renewal and collagen formation. When levels are insufficient, the skin structure weakens, and dark under-eye areas may appear more pronounced. In the UK, vitamin D deficiency is common during winter due to reduced sunlight exposure, which can indirectly worsen dark circles.



5. Vitamin E deficiency

Vitamin E acts as a natural antioxidant. When levels are low, the skin is more vulnerable to oxidative stress and free radical damage, making it appear dull and tired. This can worsen pigmentation and highlight under-eye darkness.



6. Magnesium and other nutrients

Magnesium, zinc, and folate deficiencies are also thought to influence dark circles indirectly. Low magnesium, for example, has been associated with puffiness and spasms around the eyes, potentially worsening the appearance of under-eye shadows.



Lifestyle and other genetic factors that can cause dark circles
While deficiencies play a critical role, dark circles are also influenced by:

• Genetics - inherited skin thinness or pigmentation.
• Ageing - loss of fat and collagen around the eyes.
• Lifestyle factors - sleep deprivation, dehydration, allergies, stress, and excessive screen time.

Addressing nutritional gaps alongside lifestyle changes offers the best outcome.



Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.



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